The plain of Santa Scolastica was an ancient lake that formed due to the tectonic collapse of its sedimentary, limestone rocks the water of which, probably due to an earthquake, flowed towards the zone of Serravalle.

The harmonious shape of the streets and squares of the town of Norcia is reflected in the geometric shapes of the fields fortified by hedges and oaks, and the linear elegance of its churches and the buildings of the centre is reflected again in the mosaic of the villages, scattered across the countryside and joined by ancient roads and trails.

A border area between the Pontifical State and the Kingdom of Naples, the area recaptures the settlement system of the Valnerina, based on Villas and Castles. The defensive castles and villages are principally found along the main roads and generally built in a dominating position to defend the territory. On the other hand, the villas inside this defensive system developed in connection with animal breeding and farming activities, as well as in relation to the transit routes.